Joel Rowland Los Alamos National Laboratory jrowland@lanl.gov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-8976 Nicholas Sutfin Case Western Reserve University nicksutfin@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-7814 Meghan King Oregon State University kingm3@oregonstate.edu Wenming Dong Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory wenmingdong@lbl.gov U.S. DOE > Office of Science > Biological and Environmental Research (BER) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006206 fundingOrganization 2020 The dataset is comprised of grain size, bulk density, carbon and nitrogen content of soils sampled on the floodplain of the East River 4 to 11 km downstream of Gothic, CO near Crested Butte. This dataset was collected to characterize the sedimentological properties and carbon inventory of the East River floodplain. The data help quantify the flux and storage of sediment and carbon between the East River and the alluvial floodplain bounding the river. The samples were collected between 2014 and 2017. The soil samples come from a total of 156 locations and were sampled in the upper 40 to 60 cm of the floodplain and in abandoned channel segments or oxbows. Not all samples were analyzed for all properties, but 26 samples were analyzed for bulk density, full particle size distribution, carbon, and nitrogen content. An additional 48 samples were analyzed for particle size fraction greater than and less than 2 mm and total organic content determined by loss on ignition. The dataset is comprised of a total of six separate data files based on the sample type and analysis and another file lists the sample identifications and locations of samples with a complete suite of analyses. earth CATEGORICAL:NONE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SOILS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY CATEGORICAL:GCMD EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL TEXTURE EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > FLUVIAL LANDFORMS > FLOOD PLAIN EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL BULK DENSITY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SOILS > SOIL CHEMISTRY EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SOILS > NITROGEN EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SOILS > ORGANIC MATTER EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > SOILS > CARBON VARIABLE:GCMD This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Floodplain of the East River 4 to 11 km downstream of Gothic, Colorado, USA, near Crested Butte -106.965998 -106.904584 38.93736 38.86351 2014-10-27 2017-08-30 Joel Rowland Los Alamos National Laboratory jrowland@lanl.gov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-8976 Incorporating the Hydrological Controls on Carbon Cycling in Floodplain Ecosystems into Earth System Models (ESMs) File: EastRiverFloodplainBulkDensity.csv Bulk density samples were collected from shallow soil pits dug along transects oriented perpendicular to the banks of the East River. Pre-weighed metal tins were inserted into the side walls of the soil pits until the bottom of the tin was flush with the pit wall surface. Following excavation and trimming of the soil sample to be flush with the top of the tin, the tin was capped and sealed with parafilm. In the laboratory, the parafilm was remove and the soil filled tin was weighed. The soils were then dried at 110°C. The dried weight of the soil and tin was recorded and the weight of the tin was subtracted to calculate the total weight of the soil. The dry weight of the soil and the tin weight was subtracted from the undried soil and tin to obtain the weight of water in the sample. The volume of the sample was determined by filling each tin with water and weighing; the weight was converted to a volume by assuming the water had a density of 1 gram (g) per cubic centimeter (cm3). The dry bulk density of the soil was calculated by dividing the dry soil weight by the tin volume. Key to Column Labels: Field ID: Identification assigned to the sample at the time of collection Example: ERT4750L_4000_0 ERT = East River Transect 4750 = Channel centerline distance of the transect downstream of the start of the alluvial floodplain reach. L = Left bank (facing downstream) of the river, R indicates transect originating on the right bank of the river. 4000 = distance in centimeters from the river bank. 0 = indicates top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Samples were collected from three intervals: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm. Latitude: latitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Longitude: Longitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Distance from River Bank (m): Transect distance from the river bank of sample location Interval top depth (cm BGS): top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Interval bottom depth (cm BGS): bottom of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Date Sampled: the month, day, and year the sample was collected. Sample and Tin Wt (g): Total weight in grams of the sample and sampling tin. Tin Wt (g): Weight of the sampling tin, recorded prior to sampling, in grams. Dried Sample and Tin Wt (g): Weight of dried sample and tin in grams. Tin Vol (mL): Volume of tin in milliliters. Soil weight (g): Weight of dried soil in grams. Water weight (g): Weight of water in sample in grams. Soil+water weight (g): Total weight of sample including both soil and water in grams. %water by mass: Water content of soil sample by percent mass. %water by volume: Water content of soil sample by percent volume assuming a water density of 1 g/cm3. Dry Bulk Density (g/cm3): Bulk density of the dry soil in grams per cubic centimeter, calculated by dividing the dry soil weight by the volume of the sampling tin. File: EastRiverFloodplainParticleSize.csv Particle size analysis results for soil samples collected along transects oriented perpendicular to the banks of the East River. The samples were collected from shallow pits dug into finer grained sediments overlying the coarse, gravel-rich deposits of the floodplain. The samples were collected from three depth intervals: 0-10, 10-20, and 20-40 cm below the ground surface. Soils from each interval were sampled with a stainless-steel spoon and placed in a stainless-steel bowl. The soils were homogenized in the bowl by mixing prior to subsampling. The particle size analysis was conducted at the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nevada following the methods below. General Summary: Methods used by the DRI Soil Characterization and Quaternary Pedology Laboratory for Laser Particle Size Analysis (LPSA) are based on standard analytical methods commonly employed for the analysis of water and sediment samples. The results are given in terms of the percentage of particles falling into 35 size bins, each size bin being labeled by the low diameter of its size range (in μm). As a quality assurance measure, the percentages in all the bins are added up to show that they amount to 100% (+/– 0.1%). The percentages of sand, silt, and clay are determined by adding up the percentages in all the bins that fall into the sand, silt, and clay size ranges. Although the upper size limit of sand as defined here is 2000 μm, particles greater than 1000 μm cannot be measured at DRI using LPSA. Samples are sieved through a 1000 µm sieve before analysis, so that particles >1000 μm are excluded from the LPSA instrument. Samples that contain ~2 g or less of total sediment are resuspended in water after drying, poured through a 1000 μm sieve, and then the <1000 μm fraction is analyzed in the laser analyzer in its entirety. Samples that contain considerably more than 2 g are treated differently; they are dry sieved through a 1000 μm sieve and then a small aliquot (0.2-0.6 g) of the <1000 μm material is split out for laser analysis. The percentages for the <1000 μm size bins (as determined from laser analysis) are then normalized for the weight of material that was removed by sieve, so that all sieve bins add up to 100%. Table 2-2. The size ranges for sand, silt, and clay, as used in LPSA. Major Class Minimum Size (m) Sand 2000 – 62.5 Silt 15 – 2 Clay < 2 DESCRIPTION OF METHOD: LASER PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS Laser particle size analysis (LPSA) procedure is used to determine the percentage of size-class fractions in a soil or sediment sample (Gee and Or, 2002). The procedure is based on ASTM C 1070 – 01 for the determination of PSDA of alumina and quartz powders by laser light scatter (ASTM, 2000). Laser light scattering is based on the Mie theory of light scattering by a spherical particle. In the DRI Quaternary Pedology and Soil Characterization Lab, the instrument used is a Micromeritics Saturn DigiSizer 5200®. The sample is internally dispersed using ultra-sonication in an aqueous medium of 0.005% surfactant (Na metaphosphate) and circulated through the path of the laser light beam. As the particles pass through the laser beam, the light scatters at angles inversely proportional to their size and with intensity directly proportional to their size. A forty-five-degree rotational Charged-Coupled Device (CCD) detector collects the scattered light intensity, which is converted to electrical signals and analyzed in a microprocessor. Data reduction consists of a mathematical convolution based on scattering model sets, each calculated from general Mie theory for narrow distributions of isotropic spheres of a specific index of refraction and suspended in liquid of a specific index of refraction. Data reported by the Saturn DigiSizer relates directly to an equivalent Mie sphere. Mie theory consists of a ‘real’ refractive index (1.550 for soils) and an ‘imaginary’ refractive index (0.100 for soils) determined by Micromeretics Laboratories. The predictive model error (weighted residual) is proportional to the measure of the calculated Mie theory model to predictions of the observed laser light scattering pattern. Key to Column Labels: Field ID: Identification assigned to the sample at the time of collection Example: ERT4750L_4000_0 ERT = East River Transect 4750 = Channel centerline distance of the transect downstream of the start of the alluvial floodplain reach. L = Left bank (facing downstream) of the river, R indicates transect originating on the right bank of the river. 4000 = distance in centimeters from the river bank. 0 = indicates top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Samples were collected from three intervals: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm. Latitude: latitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Longitude: Longitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Distance from River Bank (m): Transect distance from the river bank of sample location Interval top depth (cm BGS): top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Interval bottom depth (cm BGS): bottom of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Date Sampled: the month, day, and year the sample was collected. % wt. Gravel: Percent by weight of gravel sized particles in the sample Geometric Mean: Geometric mean particle size of the sample StDev.: Standard deviation of the geometric mean of particle size of the sample % Particle Size, low diameter (µm): percentage of particles falling into 35 size bins (1000 to 0.01), each size bin being labeled by the low diameter of its size range (in μm). % Size Fraction: percentage of particles falling into sand, silt, and clay size fractions. NRCS Soil Texture: National Resources Conservation Service soil texture classifications. Files: EastRiverFloodplainSoilCarbonandNitrogen.csv EastRiver_2014_SoilPits_SolidCarbon.csv EastRiver_2014_SoilPits_H20ExtractedCarbon.csv Analytical methods: Total carbon (TC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC) were analyzed using a Shimadzu TOC-VCPH analyzer equipped with a solid sample module SSM-5000A (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). Total organic carbon (TOC) was obtained from the difference between TC and TIC. For the TC determination, a subsample of the dried solids was weighed into a ceramic boat and combusted in a TC furnace at 900 °C with a stream of oxygen. To ensure complete conversion to CO2, the generated gases are passed over a mixed catalyst (cobalt/platinum) for catalytic post-combustion. The CO2 produced is subsequently transferred to the NDIR detector in the main instrument unit (TOC-VCSH). The determination of the inorganic carbon is carried out in a separate IC furnace of the module. Phosphoric acid is added to the sample and the resulting CO2 is purged at 200 °C and measured. Total nitrogen (TDN) was analyzed using a Shimadzu Total Nitrogen Module (TNM-1) coupled to the solid sample module (SSM-5000A) and TOC-VCSH analyzer (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). TNM-1 is a non-specific measurement of TN. All nitrogen species in samples were combusted at 900 °C, converted to nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, then reacted with ozone to form an excited state of nitrogen dioxide. Upon returning to ground state, light energy is emitted. Then, TN is measured using a chemiluminescence detector DI-Water Extraction Procedures: Soil pit samples collected October 27, 2014 (TTFP1 and TTFP2) - EastRiver_2014_SoilPits_H20ExtractedCarbon.csv 1) weight net 30g solid (moisture corrected) and add calculated DI-water to make total aqueous 30 mL (moisture corrected, see below table), i.e., to make 1:1 solid to solution 2) shake overnight (about 20 hours) 3) centrifuge at 15,000 RFC for 15 min, carefully take the supernatant using syringe and needle, and filtered through 0.2 um syringe filter collect about 15 mL filtrate from each sample, to measure pH, TIC/TOC, IC and ICP-MS Key to Column Labels: File: EastRiverFloodplainSoilCarbonandNitrogen.csv Field ID: Identification assigned to the sample at the time of collection Example: ERT4750L_4000_0 ERT = East River Transect 4750 = Channel centerline distance in meters of the transect downstream of the start of the alluvial floodplain reach. L = Left bank (facing downstream) of the river, R indicates transect originating on the right bank of the river. 4000 = distance in centimeters from the river bank. 0 = indicates top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Samples were collected from three intervals: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm. OB = sample collected from a oxbow or cutoff channel segment Latitude: latitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Longitude: Longitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Distance downstream (m): Channel centerline distance in meters of the transect downstream of the start of the alluvial floodplain reach Distance from River Bank (m): Transect distance from the river bank of sample location Interval top depth (cm BGS): top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Interval bottom depth (cm BGS): bottom of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Date Sampled: the month, day, and year the sample was collected. TC (%) Data-1: Total carbon in weight percent of the first replicate sample analyzed TC (%) Data-2: Total carbon in weight percent of the second replicate sample analyzed TC (%) Average: Average total carbon in weight percent for samples with more than one replicate TC (%) Stdev: Standard deviation of the total carbon in weight percent for samples with more than one replicate IC (%) Data-1: Inorganic carbon in weight percent of the first replicate sample analyzed IC (%) Data-2: Inorganic carbon in weight percent of the second replicate sample analyzed IC (%) Average: Average inorganic carbon in weight percent for samples with more than one replicate IC (%) Stdev: Standard deviation of the inorganic carbon in weight percent for samples with more than one replicate OC (%) (TC-IC): Organic carbon in weight percent determined by subtracting the inorganic carbon from the total carbon. For samples with more than one replicate the value is calculated from the averages for the total and inorganic samples OC (%) Stdev: Standard deviation of the organic carbon in weight percent for samples with more than one replicate. TN (%) Data-1: Total nitrogen in weight percent of the first replicate sample analyzed TN (%) Data-2: Total nitrogen in weight percent of the second replicate sample analyzed TN (%) Average: Average total nitrogen in weight percent for samples with more than one replicate TN (%) Stdev: Standard deviation of the total ntirogen in weight percent for samples with more than one replicate C:N (%:%) Ratio: Ratio of weight percent organic carbon to weight percent total nitrogen File: EastRiver_2014_SoilPits_SolidCarbon.csv Sample ID: Field identification label assigned to the sample at the time of collection Sample Date: the month, day, and year the sample was collected. Latitude: latitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Longitude: Longitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Interval top depth (cm BGS): top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Interval bottom depth (cm BGS): bottom of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Average Depth BGS (cm): Depth of the midpoint of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). TC (%): Total carbon in weight percent TIC (%): Total inorganic carbon in weight percent TOC (%): Total organic carbon in weight percent determined by subtracting the inorganic carbon from the total carbon File: EastRiver_2014_SoilPits_H20ExtractedCarbon.csv Sample ID: Field identification label assigned to the sample at the time of collection Sample Date: the month, day, and year the sample was collected. Latitude: latitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Longitude: Longitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Interval top depth (cm BGS): top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Interval bottom depth (cm BGS): bottom of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Average Depth BGS (cm): Depth of the midpoint of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Dilution factor: the factor the sample was diluted prior to analysis DOC (mg/L): Dissolved organic carbon in extraction waters in milligrams per liter Total DOC (mM): Total dissolved organic carbon in millimolar DIC (mg/L): Dissolved inorganic carbon in extraction waters in milligrams per liter Total DIC (mM): Total dissolved inorganic carbon in millimolar pH: pH of the sample EastRiverFloodplainOrganicMatter.csv Representative samples were collected within each stratigraphic layer, which generally consisted of a sandy layer beneath stratified layers composed of clay to sand-size particles. Soil samples were dried at 105°C for 12 hours, weighed, and then sieved using 2-mm and 0.0625-mm mesh sieves to separate gravel, sand, and fines (silt and clay). Organic matter in each size fraction was combusted in a muffle furnace at 550°C for a minimum of 12 hours and then weighed again. The difference in mass was used to determine organic matter loss on ignition (LOI). Key to Column Labels: Sample ID: Identification assigned to the sample at the time of collection Example: ERT4750L_4000_0 ERT = East River Transect 4750 = Channel centerline distance of the transect downstream of the start of the alluvial floodplain reach. L = Left bank (facing downstream) of the river, R indicates transect originating on the right bank of the river. 4000 = distance in centimeters from the river bank. 0 = indicates top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Samples were collected from three intervals: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm. OB and AC = sample collected from an oxbow or cutoff channel segment, these samples were collected at depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm. Latitude: latitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Longitude: Longitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Northing: coordinate of the sample location in NAD 83 UTM zone 13 Easting: coordinate of the sample location in NAD 83 UTM zone 13 Distance downstream (m): Channel centerline distance in meters of the transect downstream of the start of the alluvial floodplain reach Distance from River Bank (m): Transect distance from the river bank of sample location Interval top depth (cm BGS): top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Interval bottom depth (cm BGS): bottom of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Date Sampled: the month, day, and year the sample was collected. Abandoned Channel Location: The relative location of samples collected in abandoned segments of river channel the location of the sample. Weight After Drying (g): Dried sample weight in grams (g). Divided into 3 categories, total sample, sample fraction greater than 2 mm in size and less than 2 mm in size as determined by dry sieving. Weight After Burning (g): Sample weight in grams (g) following combustion of organic material by size fraction, greater than 2 mm, less than 2 mm, and less than 0.063 mm. Organic Matter (g): Weight in grams (g) of organic matter by size fraction determined by subtracting the post-combustion sample weight from the dried sample weight, by size fraction. Error (%): Difference in percent of the combined, across size fractions, combusted sample and organic matter weights from the total dried sample weight. Grain Size Percentage: Percent by weight of the sediment sizes in the sample by fractions greater than 2 mm, less than 2 mm, and less than 0.063 mm. Organic Matter Percentage: Percent of organic material, by weight, in the total sample and by size fractions greater than 2 mm and less than 2 mm. File: SampleID_BD_PS_C_N.csv Summary of samples with full suite of analyses: bulk density, particle size distribution, carbon and nitrogen content. Field ID: Identification assigned to the sample at the time of collection Example: ERT4750L_4000_0 ERT = East River Transect 4750 = Channel centerline distance of the transect downstream of the start of the alluvial floodplain reach. L = Left bank (facing downstream) of the river, R indicates transect originating on the right bank of the river. 4000 = distance in centimeters from the river bank. 0 = indicates top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Samples were collected from three intervals: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm. Latitude: latitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Longitude: Longitude of the sample location recorded using a Differential GPS (DGPS) with a horizontal and vertical precision of 1.5 and 1.9, respectively. Distance from River Bank (m): Transect distance from the river bank of sample location Interval top depth (cm BGS): top of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Interval bottom depth (cm BGS): bottom of the sample interval in centimeters below the ground surface (bgs). Joel Rowland Los Alamos National Laboratory jrowland@lanl.gov Principal Investigator EastRiver_2014_SoilPits_SolidCarbon.csv text/csv EastRiver_2014_SoilPits_H20ExtractedCarbon.csv text/csv EastRiverFloodplainOrganicMatter.csv text/csv SampleID_BD_PS_C_N.csv text/csv EastRiverFloodplainSoilCarbonandNitrogen.csv text/csv EastRiverFloodplainBulkDensities.csv text/csv EastRiverFloodplainParticleSize.csv text/csv